We explain what a literary text is and what the language it uses is like. Also, what are its general characteristics and literary genres.
What are literary texts?
Literary texts are those that are part of one of the genres of Literature and artistic writing , in which the form given to the message is of vital importance, as much as its content. They are distinguished from other types of texts, in this sense, by their strictly aesthetic intentions.
As well as other forms of art , the great literary texts constitute part of the artistic and historical heritage of the different civilizations , since not only a specific reference is printed on them (a time, certain social, political conditions) but also a particular feeling and individual of the artist, whose subjectivity and sensibility produce the work of art.
Characteristics of literary texts :
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Poetic Intent
Literary texts provide spiritual learning.
Unlike other forms of text, literary writings offer an aesthetic experience to the reader : a reading from which comes a learning of a spiritual kind, an amazement at the operation of the text itself, instead of the acquisition of specific knowledge , as would happen, for example, with reading a newspaper or the instructions for using an appliance.
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Subjectivity
The literary text is the result of two sensitivities in contact: that of the author and that of the reader . In this sense, it is not an objective, informative text that seeks to explain things to the reader about reality, but often questions it from a subjective point of view, from an original and unrepeatable approach.
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The spirit of the age
At the same time, literary texts capture the so-called “spirit of the times”, which is what is called the collective feeling that characterizes a community or an entire civilization during a specific period. For example, existentialist novels captured the pessimism and depression following the two World Wars ( First and Second ) in the mid- 20th century .
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Language
The “style” of a writer is his particular and original way of using language.
The handling of language in literary texts is, at least, particular, different. A literary text can allow breaks with the grammatical norm (especially common in poetry) for aesthetic purposes, and in general terms, a use of language not as a tool to transmit information, but as a material to manufacture the work of art. The “style” of a writer is, in this sense, his particular and original way of using language.
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Gratuity
The reading of literary texts is carried out for free, that is, freely, without specific objectives and without any use . Oscar Wilde, a famous British writer, said that art is “profoundly useless” since it does not fulfill any pragmatic purpose in the lives of its readers, other than spiritual enrichment or entertainment.
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Fictionality
Literary texts come from the imagination and inventiveness of the author.
Literary texts are mostly works of fiction (especially narrative). That is, they relate events that did not really happen , but rather come from the imagination and inventiveness of the author, who reworks reality according to his particular view of the world and his specific sensitivities.
This is more complex to perceive in poetry and essays , since the author’s subjectivities are not reflected in a story but in a description or an explanation, respectively.
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Verisimilitude
Despite being fictional or imaginative in nature, literary texts are plausible, that is, believable . Its operation depends on a “suspension of disbelief pact” between the author and the reader, in which the latter agrees to read the text as if it were true, despite being aware that it is not. In exchange, the author promises to build it in such a way that the artifice is sustained until the last page.
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Imitative Character
Literary texts are versions of actual experience.
Literary texts imitate reality, that is, they copy it, reformulate it, use it as raw material for the construction of the literary work. In that sense, literary texts are said to be “mimetic”: they are representations, imaginations, versions of real experience.
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Literary genres
Dramaturgy is the writing of texts intended for theatrical performance.
There are specific forms of literary texts, which are distinguished from each other according to their general rules of operation, and which are:
- Narrative . Literary texts in which a story unfolds, in charge of the voice of a narrator. These stories contain characters and events that are more or less fictional, even fantastic, portrayed in an original and believable way.
- poetry . One of the most difficult genres to define, since it can take on a multiplicity of forms. It is a poetic description, through figurative or metaphorical language, of some relevant experience in the author’s subjectivity.
- Dramaturgy. The writing of texts intended for a theatrical performance, by actors and on a given stage. They lack a narrator, despite representing stories as well.
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Legitimation
Literary texts endure over time, being transmitted from generation to generation , as they are considered valuable, relevant and important for the education of future citizens .
In this sense, there are devices for legitimizing the works , that is, they choose which ones last and which ones are left aside, which ones are valuable for the sensibility of an era and which ones are not so much. Thus, it is often said that literature is a construction of a historical type.
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